1917 WW1 PALESTINE EXPLORATION FUND KITCHENER CHRISTMAS BETHLEHEM ARABIA MAPS

Description: PALESTINE EXPLORATION FUND QUARTERLY STATEMENTSFOR 1917 (January, April, July, & October 1917) PALESTINE EXPLORATION FUND, London, 1917 ‘He was often very stern and sharp; underhand dealing or trickery of any kind met with swift and uncompromising punishment; excuses were not admitted in the face of facts. He held that as an Englishman he and his party were entitled to absolute honour and respect from everybody, no matter what their rank; he knew exactly how to command that respect, and to punish any lack of it. He was always very just and courteous, and he could be very patient with the people, and these are qualities which Easterns appreciate intensely.’ Estelle Blyth, Kitchener’s Work in Palestine, PEF Quarterly Statement, 1917 A rare single volume collection of the Palestine Exploration Fund’s Quarterly Statements for 1917, including all four issues: January, April, July, and October 1917. The volume includes articles and appreciations commemorating the late Lord Kitchener (1850-1916), who died at sea in June 1916. Kitchener had been one of the PEF’s most prominent and successful cartographers in the 1870s. The volume also includes Kitchener’s own previously unpublished article on ‘Christmas At Bethlehem’, describing his experiences there in 1875. In 1874, aged 24, Kitchener was assigned by the Palestine Exploration Fund to a mapping survey of the Holy Land, replacing Charles Tyrwhitt-Drake, who had died of malaria. By then an officer in the Royal Engineers, Kitchener joined fellow officer Claude R. Conder; between 1874 and 1877 they surveyed Palestine, returning to England only briefly in 1875 after an attack by locals at Safed, in Galilee. Conder and Kitchener's expedition became known as the Survey of Western Palestine because it was largely confined to the area west of the Jordan River. The survey collected data on the topography and toponymy of the area, as well as local flora and fauna. The results of the survey were published in an eight-volume series, with Kitchener's contribution in the first three tomes (Conder and Kitchener 1881–1885). This survey has had a lasting effect on the Middle East. It serves as the basis for the grid system used in the modern maps of Israel and Palestine; and the data compiled by Conder and Kitchener are still consulted by archaeologists and geographers working in the southern Levant. The survey itself effectively delineated and defined the political borders of the southern Levant. For example, the modern border between Israel and Lebanon is established at the point in upper Galilee where Conder and Kitchener's survey stopped. In 1878, having completed the survey of western Palestine, Kitchener was sent to Cyprus to undertake a survey of that newly acquired British protectorate. He became vice-consul in Anatolia in 1879. This PEF Quarterly volume also includes notes on the effect of the war on the work of the PEF, particularly in the restriction of publication of new maps of the area which might be of use to the enemy. This book came from the personal collection of the Irish archaelogist R. A. S. Macalister. Macalister was Director of Excavations for the PEF and his work featured in the pages of the PEF Quarterly Statements before the First World War. Robert Alexander Stewart Macalister (1870 – 1950): was an Irish archaeologist. Macalister was born in Dublin, the son of Alexander Macalister, then Professor of Zoology at the University of Dublin. His father was appointed professor of anatomy at Cambridge University in 1883, and he was educated at The Perse School, and then studied at Cambridge University. Although his earliest interest was in the archaeology of Ireland, Macalister soon developed a strong interest in biblical archaeology. Along with Frederick J. Bliss, he excavated several towns in the Shephelah region of Ottoman Palestine from 1898 to 1900. Using advances in stratigraphy building on the work of Flinders Petrie, they developed a chronology for the region using ceramic typology. Upon Bliss' retirement, Macalister became director of excavations for the Palestine Exploration Fund (PEF) in 1901. From 1902 to 1909 he was responsible for the excavations at Gezer, in the modern state of Israel, just west of Jerusalem. This was one of the earliest large-scale scientific archaeological excavations in the region. The Gezer calendar found there is a very early paleo-Hebrew calendrical inscription. Macalister left the field of Biblical archaeology in 1909 to accept a position as professor of Celtic archaeology at University College, Dublin, where he taught until his retirement in 1943. During this period, he worked at the ancient Irish royal site at the Hill of Tara and was responsible for editing the catalogue of all known ogham inscriptions from Great Britain and Ireland. Many of his translations of Irish myths and legends are still widely used today. He was elected to the Royal Irish Academy in 1910 and served as their president from 1926 to 1931. He was also president of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland from 1924 to 1928. Palestine Exploration Fund: The Palestine Exploration Fund (PEF) was founded under the royal patronage of Queen Victoria in 1865 by a group of distinguished academics and clergymen, most notably the Dean of Westminster Abbey, Arthur Stanley, and Sir George Grove. The original mission statement of the PEF was to promote research into the archaeology and history, manners and customs and culture, topography, geology and natural sciences of biblical Palestine and the Levant. In the late 19th Century and early 20th Century, the PEF was central to the development of archaeology in the region, undertaking ambitious and well-chosen projects that significantly enhanced the knowledge of those working in the area. Key projects sponsored by the PEF included: 1867–1870: Excavations in Jerusalem by Warren and Birtles1871–1878: The Survey of Western Palestine conducted by Conder and Kitchener1890–1893: Excavations at Tell el-Hesi directed by Petrie and Bliss1913–1914: The Wilderness of Zin Archaeological Survey conducted by Woolley and Lawrence. Numerous reports, plans and maps were compiled by the explorers and scholars who worked for the PEF. These explorers include Charles Warren in Jerusalem and Palestine (1867–1870), Claude Conder and Horatio Kitchener on the Survey of Western Palestine (1872–1878), the Survey of Eastern Palestine (1880–81) and the Wady Arabah (1883–4), the excavations of Flinders Petrie and Frederick Jones Bliss at Tell el Hesi (1890–1892), the excavations of R.A.S. Macalister at Gezer (1902–06), Duncan Mackenzie’s excavations at Ain Shems-Beth Shemesh in 1910–1912, C. L. Woolley and T.E. Lawrence on the Wilderness of Zin Survey (1913–14), and many others. T. E. Lawrence & the PEF in WW1: In January 1914, Woolley and Lawrence were co-opted by the British military as an archaeological smokescreen for a British military survey of the Negev Desert. They were funded by the Palestine Exploration Fund to search for an area referred to in the Bible as the Wilderness of Zin, and they made an archaeological survey of the Negev Desert along the way. The Negev was strategically important, as an Ottoman army attacking Egypt would have to cross it. Woolley and Lawrence subsequently published a report of the expedition's archaeological findings, but a more important result was updated mapping of the area, with special attention to features of military relevance such as water sources. Lawrence also visited Aqaba and Shobek, not far from Petra. Following the outbreak of hostilities in August 1914, Lawrence did not immediately enlist in the British Army. He held back until October on the advice of S. F. Newcombe, when he was commissioned on the General List. Before the end of the year, he was summoned by renowned archaeologist and historian Lt. Cmdr. David Hogarth, his mentor at Carchemish, to the new Arab Bureau intelligence unit in Cairo, and he arrived in Cairo on 15 December 1914. The Bureau's chief was General Gilbert Clayton who reported to Egyptian High Commissioner Henry McMahon. At the Arab Bureau, Lawrence supervised the preparation of maps, produced a daily bulletin for the British generals operating in the theatre, and interviewed prisoners. He was an advocate of a British landing at Alexandretta which never came to pass. He was also a consistent advocate of an independent Arab Syria. Condition: In very good condition, ex-libris Westminster College, Cambridge. The boards are in very good condition, with minimal signs of use. The binding and hinges are very good and secure. The text is in very good condition, with a few spots of foxing. There is a decorative bookplate of Westminster College, Cambridge on the front endpapers. The bookbinder was Galwey & Co. of Eustace Street, Dublin. Published: 1917Brown boards with gilt titlingDimensions: 140mm x 215mmPages: 194 ***I have several other WW1 and WW2 books and manuals listed at the moment. Combined postage is available*** Please email if you require any further information _gsrx_vers_1677 (GS 9.8.1 (1677))

Price: 75 GBP

Location: Lancashire

End Time: 2024-12-08T20:25:02.000Z

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