ARMENIAN MASSACRES: 1894-96 ILLUSTRATION - British Cartoon ATROCITIES Gladstone

Description: ORIGINAL BRITISH PUNCH MAGAZINE CARTOONIllustrator: John Tenniel, from British Punch humor/satire magazine, January 12, 1895, pulled from the magazine, not a modern reproduction. Size 8 x 10 1/2 inches. Condition: excellent - bright and clean, no handling wear, lays flat for easy framing; backsdie is blank. Plus extra page with associated text to the cartoon " WHO SAID ---- ' ATROCITIES’‘? " [Image of Gladstone ] "Old as I am, my feelings have not been deadened in regard to matters of such a dreadful description." – Mr. Gladstone’s Birthday Speech at Hawarden on the Armenian Atrocities, December 29.The Hamidian massacres, also referred to as the Armenian Massacres of 1894–1896 and Armenian genocide, were massacres of Armenians in the Ottoman Empire that took place in the mid-1890s. It was estimated casualties ranged from 80,000 to 300,000, resulting in 50,000 orphaned children. The massacres are named after Sultan Abdul Hamid II, who, in his efforts to maintain the imperial domain of the collapsing Ottoman Empire, reasserted Pan-Islamism as a state ideology. Although the massacres were aimed mainly at the Armenians, they turned into indiscriminate anti-Christian pogroms in some cases, such as the Diyarbekir massacre, where, at least according to one contemporary source, up to 25,000 Assyrians were also killed.The Ottomans made no allowances for the victims' age or gender, and massacred all with brutal force. This occurred at a time when the telegraph could spread news around the world, and the massacres received extensive coverage in the media of Western Europe and North America. The origins of the hostility toward Armenians lay in the increasingly precarious position in which the Ottoman Empire found itself in the last quarter of the 19th century. The end of Ottoman dominion over the Balkans was ushered in by an era of European nationalism and an insistence on self-determination by many territories long held under Ottoman rule. The Armenians of the empire, who were long considered second-class citizens, had begun in the mid-1860s and early 1870s to ask for civil reforms and better treatment from government. They pressed for an end to the usurpation of land, "the looting and murder in Armenian towns by Kurds and Circassians, improprieties during tax collection, criminal behavior by government officials and the refusal to accept Christians as witnesses in trial." These requests went unheeded by the central government. When a nascent form of nationalism spread among the Armenians of Anatolia, including demands for equal rights and a push for autonomy, the Ottoman leadership believed that the empire's Islamic character and even its very existence were threatened.I have other hard-to-find original Punch cartoon illustrations for sale; combine orders with no extra shipping fees.Punch, a magazine of humor and satire, ran from 1841-2002. A very British institution renowned internationally for its wit and irreverence, it helped to coin the term "cartoon" in its modern sense as a humorous illustration. QUESTIONS ARE ALWAYS WELCOME.

Price: 19.95 USD

Location: Milton, Vermont

End Time: 2024-10-02T20:11:19.000Z

Shipping Cost: 6.95 USD